The Dialectic
of
Euclidean
Geometry
Part 8.:
Cases of Dialectic Series.
Dear Reader,
In the ‘dialectogram’ posted
above, the depicted «arché» category, or ‘premise category’, is the category
whose units are the axiomatic systems of the Euclidean Geometries, color-coded ‘red-ish’.
For those geometries, based upon Euclid’s fifth axiom, or “5th postulate”, the number of lines parallel to a given line is exactly one, or, in the ‘dialectogram’s short-hand,
#(||) = 1.
The depicted ‘first contra-category’
to this «arché» category is the category whose units are the axioms-systems
of the standard, classical “Non-Euclidean Geometries”, color-coded
orange, and placed at a higher
elevation in the ‘dialectogram’, to signify the greater ‘thought-complexity’ of
this second category, and of its units.
The key characteristic of
these classical “Non-Euclidean Geometries” is that the
number of lines parallel to a given line is different from one, or, in the dialectogram’s
short-hand, #(||)
~= 1.
Two sub-species of this
species of “Non-Euclidean Geometries” are also depicted in
that ‘dialectogram’.
The left-most sub-species category
depiction is that for the axioms-systems units of the “Elliptic” Non-Euclidean
Geometries, for which the number of lines parallel to a given line is less than
one, or, in the dialectogram’s short-hand, #(||) < 1; in fact, for which #(||) = 0.
The right-most sub-species category
depiction is that for the axioms-systems units of the “Hyperbolic” Non-Euclidean
Geometries, for which the number of lines parallel to a given line is less than
one, or, in that dialectogram’s short-hand, #(||) > 1; in fact, for which #(||) = “¥”.
The depicted third category,
the ‘first uni-category’, uniting
or unifying the «arché» category and its ‘first contra-category’,
is the category whose units are the axioms-systems of the “Riemannian
Geometries”, color-coded ‘yellow-ish’, and placed at the highest elevation
in that ‘dialectogram’, to signify the greater ‘thought-complexity’ of this third
category, and of its units, relative to the other categories depicted in this ‘dialectogram’,
and to their units.
The “manifolds’ – the spaces of Riemannian Geometries – can combine regions of “flat”, Euclidean-like geometry, with regions of “curved”, Elliptic-like geometry and with other regions of “curved”, Hyperbolic-like geometry, as well as with other kinds of “curved” geometries!
Humanity’s presently-known
best – most observationally and experimentally corroborated – mathematical model
of large-scale physical space[-time]; of the large-scale universe, and of universal
gravity, uses the “pseudo-Riemannian” or “semi-Riemannian” geometry, developed
by Albert Einstein in his theory of universal gravitation, “The General Theory
of Relativity’.
The Domain of this case of dialectic, ‘the dialectic of
Euclidean versus Non-Euclidean geometries’, we name “Euclidean and Related
Geometries-in-General”, or ERG for short – D = ERG.
The category-symbol that we
have adopted for the «arché» category, of “Euclidean Geometries”, is ‘qE’. The
category-symbol that we used, above, for the second category, the
‘first contra-category’, of “Non-Euclidean Geometries”, is ‘qN’, or, equivalently, is ‘qEE’, connoting the immanent critique, or self-critique,
of the “Euclidean Geometries”. The
category-symbol that we used, above, for the “Riemannian Geometries”, is ‘qR’, or, equivalently, is ‘qNE’, signifying the mutual critique, mutual conversion, combination
or unification of category ‘qN’
and category ‘qE’.
For more
information regarding these
Seldonian insights, and to read and/or download, free
of charge, PDFs and/or JPGs of Foundation books, other texts, and images, please see:
and
https://independent.academia.edu/KarlSeldon
For partially pictographical, ‘poster-ized’ visualizations of many of these Seldonian insights -- specimens of ‘dialectical art’ – as well as dialectically-illustrated books
published by
the F.E.D. Press, see –
https://www.etsy.com/shop/DialecticsMATH
¡ENJOY!
Regards,
Miguel
Detonacciones,
Voting Member, Foundation Encyclopedia Dialectica [F.E.D.];
Elected Member, F.E.D. General Council;
Participant, F.E.D. Special Council for Public Liaison;
Officer, F.E.D. Office of Public Liaison.
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