‘Dark Energy’ and Energy NON-Conservation [Continual Energy-Density Expansion]. Part 9.: dialogues with ‘protoic meta-humanity’ series. GLOBAL STRATEGIC HYPOTHESES.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Part 9.: dialogues with ‘protoic meta-humanity’

series.

 

‘Dark Energy’

and

Energy

NON-

Conservation

[Continual

Energy-

Density

Expansion].

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

GLOBAL STRATEGIC HYPOTHESES.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dear Reader,

 

The following is our transcript of a dialogue between one of our volunteers, who wanted to explore the impact of the discovery of “Dark Energy”, and of its continual, accelerating space-expansion, on the “First Law of Thermodynamics”, in light of Seldon’s ‘Spandetron Hypothesis’, or ‘Regenerist Hypothesis’.

 

Our edited/more-punctuated transcript follows.  Key passages of the AI’s response are highlighted in magenta-colored text.

 

I.  F.E.D.: “What remains of the “Law of the Conservation of Energy” if “Dark Energy” is constantly adding new “empty” physical space, and new energy density – adding continually to “Dark Energy’s” already predominant share of the energy-density of our cosmos?”

 

I.  AI: The Law of Conservation of Energy does not apply to the universe as a whole in the way it does to a closed laboratory system.

 

Here is what remains of the law and how modern physics reconciles dark energy with cosmic expansion:

 

The Short Answer: General Relativity Overrules It

On a cosmic scale, global energy is not conserved. The concept of conservation relies on a static, unchanging background space.

Because our universe is actively expanding, the strict mathematical requirement for absolute energy conservation is broken.

 

The Mathematical Reason: Noether’s Theorem

 

• Time Translation Symmetry: Energy conservation requires that the laws of physics stay identical at every moment in time.

 

• Expanding Space: An expanding universe changes with time, which breaks this fundamental symmetry.

 

• The Result: Because space is dynamic, there is no mathematical law demanding that total cosmic energy remain constant.

 

How Different Energies Behave

 

As the universe expands, different components of the cosmos react differently to the new volume:

 

• Matter: Density decreases because the same amount of mass is spread over more space. Total matter energy stays constant.

 

• Radiation: Density decreases rapidly because the expanding space stretches the photons’ wavelengths, actively draining their energy.

 

• Dark Energy: Density remains constant because it is a property of space itself. Creating more space automatically creates more dark energy.

 

 

What Replaces It: Local Conservation

While global energy is not conserved, energy is still strictly conserved locally.

 

• Stress-Energy Tensor: Physics uses a mathematical tool where the “divergence” of energy and momentum is always zero at any specific point.

 

• Fluid Equation: This local conservation dictates that the change in energy density is directly tied to cosmic pressure.

 

• Negative Pressure: Because dark energy has negative pressure, it does work on the expanding spacetime, perfectly balancing the local equations even as total global energy increases.

 

---

 

To explore this cosmological puzzle further, let me know if you want to look into:

 

• How negative pressure works physically

 

• The difference between the Cosmological Constant and quintessence

 

• How photons lose energy via cosmic redshift

 

 

 

II.  F.E.D.: “Yes, please – all three!”

 

 

 

 

 

II.  AI: 1. How Negative Pressure Works Physically

In everyday experience, pressure pushes outward (like air in a balloon).  Dark energy behaves with negative pressure, which acts like an internal, cosmic tension pulling inward on space itself.

 

• The Balloon Analogy: If you pull outward on a sealed, stretchy piece of rubber, you create tension inside it. That internal tension is negative pressure.

 

• The Gravitational Twist: In Einstein’s General Relativity, gravity is not just caused by mass; it is also caused by pressure.

 

• The Repulsive Effect: High positive pressure increases gravitational attraction.  Because dark energy has massive negative pressure, its gravitational effect is flipped. It creates a powerful gravitational repulsion, driving the acceleration of cosmic expansion.

 

• Doing Work on Space: As space expands, this negative pressure does “work” on the universe.  This mathematical work matches the exact amount of energy needed to keep the dark energy density constant in the newly created space.

 

2. Cosmological Constant vs. Quintessence

 

Dark energy is generally explained by one of two competing theories, differing on whether this energy gain is constant or changing.

 

• The Cosmological Constant (L): This theory views dark energy as the “vacuum energy” [E.D. Editors: Some “vacuum”!!!] inherent to empty space.  Its density is perfectly constant across all of time and space. As the universe expands, new space inherits this exact same fixed energy density.

 

• Quintessence: This theory suggests dark energy is a dynamic, evolving energy field filling the cosmos, similar to an electric or magnetic field. Its density can change over time and vary from one region of space to another.

 

• The Cosmic Fate: If dark energy is a Cosmological Constant, the universe will expand forever at a steady [E.D. Editors: See Seldon’s ‘Regenerist Hypothesis’ for a different view] accelerating rate.  If it is Quintessence, dark energy could eventually decay, slow down [E.D. Editors: or speed up further!!!], or even reverse, changing the ultimate fate of the universe.

 

3. How Photons Lose Energy via Cosmic Redshift

 

When light travels across the expanding universe, it actively loses energy. This is a direct example of global energy non-conservation.

 

• Stretching Wavelengths: As streams of photons travel through expanding space, the space they move in literally stretches. This causes their wavelengths to elongate.

 

• The Energy Formula: A photon’s Energy is inversely proportional to its wavelength 

     E = hc/l .

  
     Longer wavelengths mean less energy.

 

• Where Does It Go?: The lost energy does not transform into heat or move into another particle. Because the background metric of the universe is changing, that energy is permanently lost from the universe.

---

 

If you want to dive deeper into these cosmic mechanics, I can explain:

 

• How scientists measure dark energy using distant Type Ia supernovae

 

• The Cosmological Constant Problem (why quantum theory predictions mismatch reality)

 

• What happens to thermodynamics in an eternally expanding universe

 

 

III.  F.E.D.: Yes, by all means -- all three!

 

 

III.  AI:  1. Measuring Dark Energy via Type Ia Supernovae

Astronomers discovered that cosmic expansion is accelerating by using a specific type of exploding star called a Type Ia Supernova. ...

2. The Cosmological Constant Problem

The Cosmological Constant Problem is often called the worst theoretical prediction in the history of physics because of the massive mismatch between math and reality.

 

• Vacuum Energy Calculation: Quantum field theory calculates that “empty” space should be boiling with virtual particles, creating a huge amount of vacuum energy density.

 

• The Mismatch: When physicists calculate this energy, the theoretical value is 10¹²⁰ times larger than the actual dark energy density we observe in the universe.

 

• The Catastrophe: If the quantum calculations were correct, the universe would have ripped itself apart fractions of a second after the Big Bang, preventing stars, planets, and life from ever forming. Physicists still do not know why the real value is so incredibly small.

 

  

 

3. Thermodynamics in an Eternally Expanding Universe

The absolute growth of dark energy reshapes the fundamental laws of thermodynamics on a cosmic scale.

 

• The First Law (Energy): As established, the First Law (conservation of energy) is bypassed because expanding space continuously adds dark energy to the universe while draining photon energy.

 

• The Second Law (Entropy): The Second Law states that the total entropy (disorder) of an isolated system must always increase.  In our universe, entropy continues to rise as stars burn and matter clumps.  [E.D. Editors: See Seldon’s ‘Regenerist Hypothesis’ for a different view]

 

• The Heat Death: Because dark energy will accelerate expansion forever [E.D. Editors: See Seldon’s ‘Regenerist Hypothesis’ for a different view], galaxies will eventually fly so far apart that they can no longer see each other.  Stars will burn through all their fuel, black holes will slowly evaporate via Hawking radiation, and the universe will reach maximum entropy [E.D. Editors: See Seldon’s ‘Regenerist Hypothesis’ for a different view].

 

• The Final State: The cosmos will become a cold, dark, uniform expanse of absolute nothingness, achieving a state known as the Big Freeze or Cosmic Heat Death.  [E.D. Editors: See Seldon’s ‘Regenerist Hypothesis’ for a different view]. 

. . .

 

4. The Hubble Tension (A Crisis in Cosmology)

 

The Hubble Tension is a profound, statistically undeniable disagreement between two different methods used to measure the current expansion rate of the universe (the Hubble constant, or H₀).

 

• The Early Universe Method: Scientists analyze the Cosmic Microwave Background (the ancient afterglow of the Big Bang) using instruments like the Planck satellite. Extrapolating this data to the modern era predicts a slower local expansion rate of about 67 to 68 km/s/Mpc.  [E.D.  Editors: 67 to 68 kilometers per second, per mega-parsec].

 

• The Late Universe Method: Scientists directly measure the distance and speed of nearby objects today, using Cepheid variable stars, Type Ia supernovae, and the H₀ Distance Network (H₀DN) Collaboration [Link: H0 Distance Network (H0DN) Collaboration]. This method yields a significantly faster expansion rate of roughly 73.5 km/s/Mpc.

 

• The Core Problem: The gap between these two numbers is too massive to be dismissed as a simple observational or human error.  Recent studies utilizing JWST data to calibrate these stars have confirmed that the measurement discrepancy is entirely real.

 

• The Need for New Physics: Because both measurements are precise, the standard model of cosmology must be missing a fundamental piece of physics.  Resolving the tension may require introducing an entirely new component to the universe, such as an early form of dark energy that altered cosmic expansion prior to the Big Bang.

 

. . .

 

5. Early Dark Energy (EDE) Models

 

Early Dark Energy is a theoretical model introduced to fix the Hubble Tension by adding a brief, temporary burst of dark energy to the infant universe, right before the first atoms formed.  [E.D. Editors: Compare to Seldon’s ‘Regenerist Hypothesis’].

 

• The Fleeting Anti-Gravity Force: Standard cosmology assumes dark energy only became powerful billions of years after the Big Bang.  EDE models suggest a different form of dark energy switched on rapidly a few thousand years after the Big Bang.  It acted as a temporary “propulsive force,” drastically accelerating the early universe’s expansion rate before abruptly shutting off.  [E.D. Editors: Compare to Seldon’s ‘Regenerist Hypothesis’]. 

• Shrinking the Sound Horizon: By causing the universe to expand faster early on, EDE shrunk the “sound horizon” — the maximum distance acoustic sound waves could travel through the primordial plasma before it cooled.  When modern instruments calculate the modern expansion rate using this smaller baseline, the mathematically inferred value rises, matching the faster local expansion measurements.

 

• The “Dilution” Trick: To keep from ruining the rest of cosmic history, EDE must completely vanish.  The physics dictates that this field must decay or dilute away much faster than normal radiation.  [E.D. Editors: Compare to Seldon’s ‘Regenerist Hypothesis’]. 

 

• Solving the JWST Puzzle: A massive added benefit of EDE was outlined by MIT researchers.  They demonstrated that the altered skeletal structure of an EDE universe naturally triggers faster matter clustering.  This perfectly explains why the James Webb Space Telescope is finding unusually bright, fully-formed galaxies so early in cosmic history.

 

 

 

TO BE CONTINUED.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

For more information regarding these Seldonian insights, and to read and/or download, free of charge, PDFs and/or JPGs of Foundation books, other texts, and images, please see:

 

www.dialectics.info

 

and

 

https://independent.academia.edu/KarlSeldon

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

For partially pictographical, ‘poster-ized’ visualizations of many of these Seldonian insights -- specimens of ‘dialectical art’ – as well as dialectically-illustrated books published by the F.E.D. Press, see –

 

https://www.etsy.com/shop/DialecticsMATH

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

¡ENJOY!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Regards,

 

 

 

Miguel Detonacciones,

 

Voting Member, Foundation Encyclopedia Dialectica [F.E.D.];

Elected Member, F.E.D. General Council;

Participant, F.E.D. Special Council for Public Liaison;

Officer, F.E.D. Office of Public Liaison.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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